prelimssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss aaaaaaarrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiivvvvvvvvvvvvviiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnggggggggggggggggggg............................aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrggggggggggggggggggggghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh